Fluid actuated hammer



Jufly 29, 1941. E; s. EPPENS' FLUID ACTUATED HAMMER 2 sheets sheet 1Filed Feb 24, 1 .941

INVENTOR ErneSfGEppezzd.

HIS ATTORNEY- July 29, 1941. E. e. EPPENS FLUID ACTUATED HAMMER FiledFeb. 24, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR mes HIS ATTORNEY Patented July29, 1941 UNlTED srre azsana 1 QFFWE FLUID AGTUATED HAMMER Ernest G.Eppens, Easton, Pa., assignor to Ingersoll-Rand Company, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New Jersey '7 Claims.

This invention relates to fluid actuated hammers, and more particularlyto fluid actuated hammers of the type employed for drop forging andsimilar purposes.

One object of the invention is to simplify the power controlling devicesof the hammer.

Another object is to render the hammer readily responsive to the will ofthe operator.

A further object is to limit the power consumption of the hammer tosubstantially the amount required for performing useful work.

Other objects will be in part obvious and in part pointed outhereinafter.

In the drawings accompanying this specification and in which similarreference numerals refer to similar parts,

Figure l is a perspective View, in elevation, of a fluid actuated hammerconstructed in accordance with the practice of the invention,

Figure 2 is an elevation, partly in section, taken through the cylinderand the distributing valve mechanism of the hammer, and

Figures 3 and 4 are transverse views taken through Figure 1 on the lines3-3 and 4-4 respectively.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, the hammer, designated inits entirety by 20, comprises the usual main frame consisting of a pairof columns 2| arranged on opposite sides of an anvil block 22 whichsupports a stationary i die member 23.

The upper ends of the columns 2| serve as seats for a cylinder 24 thatmay be secured to the columns in any suitable manner. The cylinder 24 issuitably bored to provide a piston chamber 25 for the accommodation of areciprocatory piston 26 having a depending rod 21 that is attached atits lower end to a ram 28 which in turn carries a complementary diemember 29.

The cylinder 24 is provided with suitable distributing valve mechanismdesignated in its entirety by 30 and comprising a valve chest 3| havinga bore 32 the lower end of which may communicate with the atmospherethrough an exhaust port 33 in the valve chest. A bushing 34 is arrangedin the bore 32 and has an end wall 35 to serve as a closure for theupper end of the bore.

The valve chest 3| is, moreover, provided with a supply passage 36 thatopens into an annular groove 31 in the bore 32, said annular groove 31lying between annular grooves 38 and 39 also formed in the surface ofthe bore 32 and communicating, respectively, with the upper and lowerends of the piston chamber 25 through inlet passages 40 and 4|.

Communication is afforded between the grooves 38, 31 and 33 and thechamber 42 in the bushing 34 by ports 43, 44 and 45, respectively, inthe wall of the bushing, and communication between the ports 44 andeither the ports 43 or 45 is controlled by a distributing valve 46arranged in the chamber 42.

The valve 46 is of the reciprocatory spool type. It accordinglycomprises astem 41 and upper and lower external flanges 48 and 45 thatare separated by an annular groove 56 in the periphery of the valve. Thegroove 5|] is of a length to effect communication between the ports 44and either the ports 43 or 45, accordingly as the valve moves toward theupper or lower end of the chamber 42. In the reduced portion 5| of thevalve above the flange 48 are ports 52 to afford communication betweenthe upper end of the chamber 42 and a recess 53 within the valve andopening into the lower end of the bore 32.

The admission of pressure fluid to the supply passage 35 is controlledby suitable valve mechanism arranged adjacent the valve mechanism 36 andcomprising a valve chest 54 having an internal wall 55 that divides theinterior of the valve chest into a pair of chambers 56 and 51, thelatter being in direct communication with the supply passage 36 and thechamber 56 being in constant communication with a source of pressurefluid supply (not shown) through a con duit 58. The wall 55 is bored toprovide a port 59 for conveying pressure fluid from the chamber 56 tothe chamber 51, and at the end of the port 59 confronting the chamber 56is a bevelled seating surface 63 for a valve 6|, of the poppet type,that controls the port 59. In the arrangement shown the valve 6| ispreferably adjusted to be normally removed a slight distance from itsseat and has a stem 62 that extends through the chamber 51 to theexterior of the valve casing and is sealed in the end wall 63 of thevalve casing 54 by a gland-pressed packing 64.

As is customary in machines of the character to which the presentinvention pertains, the initial movements of the valves 46 and 6|required for setting the piston 26 in motion is effected by devices thatact in response to force applied manually, in the present instance upona treadle 65 positioned on the forward side of the hammer and below thedie member 23. The treadle rests upon bars 66 extending along the sidesof the columns 2| and having their rearward ends hinged on a pivot 61seated in the columns 2|. A

tension spring 68 having an end attached to an arm 66 and its other endattached adjustably to a lug 69 on the adjacent column 2| serves tonormally maintain the treadle 65 in its uppermost limiting position andto return the treadle to such position when released from a controllingposition.

The rocking movement of the treadle is transmitted from one of the arms66 to the valve 6| by a rod ID that is pivotally connected at one end tosuch arm 66 and at its other end to the extremity of a rocker 'IIdisposed adjacent the valve casing 54 upon a pivot I2 extending throughthe intermediate portion of the rocker, and On the upper surface of therocker are teeth I3 that engage a rack I4 on the valve stem 62.

The opposite end of the rocker II is pivotally connected to a dependingrod I5 serving to transmit movement from the rocker 'II to anoscillatory member I6 mounted pivotally upon a stationary shaft TIseated in a column 2|.

The oscillatory member'comprises a plate 73 carrying on one side thereofand intermediate its ends a trunnion 79 which is bored to receive thestationary shaft TI. The plate 18 lies adjacent the front surface of thecolumn 2| and carries a guide member 80 that is connected pivotally tothe-plate to receive the rod I5; The rod may be adjustably secured tothe guide member for varying the effective portion of the rod betweenthe rocker II and the plate 18, in the manner illustrated and describedwith more particularity in my United States Patent No. 2,105,074 grantedJanuary 11, 1938.

Preferably, a spring 8| in the form of a single flat coil and having anend connected to a column 2| acts with its other end upon the plate I8to normally depress said end of the plate 18 and thereby augment theforce of the spring 68.

On the opposite end of the plate 18 is a second trunnion 82 which lieson the same side of the plate 18 as the trunnion I9 and has a bore 83extending therethrough to accommodate a shaft 84'carrying on itsforemost end an arm 85. The opposite or rear end 86 of the shaft 84 isof reduced diameter and extends through the hub 87 of a depending finger88 having a convex surface 89 lying in the path of movement of the ram28 for engagement with an inclined surface 99 on the side of the ram.

The finger 88 is urged constantly toward the inclined surface 90' by aspring 9| that is similar in all essential respects to the spring SI andanchored with one end on the column 2| and with its other end on theextremity of an arm 92 carried by the hub 87 and extending in adirection approximately opposite to that of the arm 85. A nut 93threaded upon the end 86 of the shaft 84 secures the hubfixedly to theshaft 84 so that the said shaft, the arms 85 and 92 and the finger 88may be oscillated as a unit.

Suitable means are provided for transmitting movement from the shaft 84to the valve 46 for effecting the distribution of pressure fluid to thepiston chamber. To this end the valve is provided' with a link 94 thatis pivotally connected at one end to the valve and extends through theend wall 35 of the bushing 34 and through a packing element 95 in saidend Wall. The other end of the link 94 is pivotally connected to an arm95 of a rocker 9'! journaled in a bearing 98 on the side of the cylinder24 and having its other arm 99 pivotally connected to a link I00slidably interlocked with the arm 85.

In the arrangement shown the lower end of the link I 90 carries a clevisIOI to receive the arm 85 and the pin I02 in the clevis extends throughand is readily slidable in a slot I03, preferably of arcuate shape, inthe arm 85 and terminating with its inner end near the shaft 84.

By reason of the slidable connection of the lower end of the link I00with the arm 85 the range of movement of the valve 46 may be readilyvaried and in order to eifect such shifting of the link in readyresponse to the will of the operator, the trunnion I9 is provided on itsupper surface with a lateral projection or arm I04 having its free endpivotally connected to a link I05. The link I05 is adjustable for lengthand has its opposite end pivotally connected to the link I00 at a pointapproximately in the same horizontal plane as the point of connection ofthe link I05 with the arm I04.

Whenever it is intended to initiate a forging operation the treadle isdepressed. The downward movement of the treadle causes the throttlevalve 6| to be opened for admitting a ful supply of pressure fluid tothe chamber 42 and, at the same time, the oscillatory member 16 will berocked about the shaft TI to move the finger 88 downwardly forengagement with the inclined surface 94. Movement will thereby betransmitted through the link I 05 to the link I 00 for moving the pinI02 to the outer end of the slot I03. The shifting of the link III!) tothis position will have the immediate effect of raising the valve 46 toplace the inlet passage 40 in communication with the ports 44 throughthe annular groove 50 in the valve. The lower flange 49 of the valvewill then lie above the port 45 so that the lower end of the pistonchamber 25 will be in direct communication with the atmosphere throughthe inlet passage 4|, the ports 45, the bore 32 and the exhaust port 33.In this position of the valve pressure fluid will flow into the upperend of the piston chamber 25 and drive the piston downwardly on itsworking stroke.

During this, as in all movements of the piston, the finger 88 is heldfirmly in contact with the inclined surface 99 by the spring 9| and asthe piston descends the finger will be rocked toward the ram and the armwill, in consequence, be rocked upwardly. This swing movement of the arm85, transmitted through the link I00 and the rocker 91, causes the valveto move downwardly to communicate the inlet passage 4| with the ports 44and also to move the flange 48 below the ports 43. The pressure fluid inthe upper end of the chamber will then escape to the atmosphere throughthe inlet passage 40, the ports 52 and the associated channels,including the exhaust port 33. At the same time pressure fluid flowsinto the lower end of the piston chamber to lift the piston.

The described cycle of operation maybe repeated until the forgingoperation is completed and, of course, only while the treadle 65 remainsdepressed to maintain the linkage moved by the treadle in the positionshereinbefore described.

Upon completion of the forging operation the treadle is released. Thesprings 68 and 8| will then rock the treadle upwardly to its idleposition and simultaneously with this movement of the treadle the end ofthe plate 18 upon which the spring 8| acts is rocked downwardly toelevate the shaft 84 and the associated arms. While this movement of theplate I8 is taking place the arm H14 will swing outwardly and move thepin I02 to the innermost end of the slot I03.

With the pin I02 in this position little, if any, movement may betransmitted from the arm 85 to the rocker 91 and the valve 46 will thenoccupy a position in which the flange 48 overlies the ports 43 toeffectively seal the upper end of the piston chamber. The lower flange49 will then partly uncover the ports 45, it being understood, ofcourse, that said flanges are suitably spaced for this purpose, andpressure fluid will then flow into the lower end of the piston chamberand elevate the piston to an intermediate position where it will be heldimmovable by the fluid medium entrapped in the upper end of the pistonchamber and the live pressure fluid flowing directly from supply intothe lower end of the piston chamber.

I claim:

1. In a fluid actuated hammer, the combination of a casing having apiston chamber and a recipro'catory piston therein, a valve to effectthe distribution of pressure fluid to the piston chamber for actuatingthe piston, a rocker, a cam carried by the piston for actuating therocker, adjustable linkage for transmitting movement from the rocker tothe valve, manually operable means for actuating the rocker relativelyto the cam, and means acting in response to movement of the manuallyoperable means for effecting adjustment of the linkage and thereby varythe range of movement of the valve.

2. In a fluid actuated hammer, the combination of a casing having apiston chamber and a recipro'catory piston therein, a valve to eflectthe distribution of pressure fluid to the piston chamber for actuatingthe piston, a rocker, a cam carried by the piston to actuate the rocker,adjustable linkage for transmitting movement from the rocker to thevalve, manually operable means for actuating the rocker in one directionrelatively to the cam, resilient means for moving the rocker in theopposite direction, and means to effect adjustment of the linkage forincreasing the range of movement of the valve upon operation of themanually operable means and toeffect adjustment of the linkage fordecreasing the range of movement of the valve upon the release of themanually operable means and the subsequent operation of the resilientmeans.

3. In a fluid actuated hammer, the combination of a casing having apiston chamber and a reciprocatory piston therein, a valve to effect thedistribution of pressure fluid to the piston chamber for actuating thepiston, a rocker, a cam carried by the piston to actuate the rocker,adjustable linkage for transmitting movement from the rocker to thevalve, manually operable means for actuating the rocker in one directionrelatively to the cam, resilient means for moving the rocker in theopposite direction, and means to effect adjustment of the linkage forincreasing the range of movement of the valve upon operation of themanually operable means and to eflect adjustment of the linkage upon therelease of the manually operable means and the subsequent operation ofthe resilient means to move the valve and hold it in position to preventthe passage of pressure fluid to and from one end of the piston chamberand. to simultaneously admit pressure fluid into the other end of thepiston chamber for holding the piston immovable.

4. In a fluid actuated hammer, the combination of a casing having apiston chamber and a reciprocatory piston therein, a valve to effect thedistribution of pressure fluid to the ends of the piston chamber foractuating the piston, a rocker, a cam carried by the piston to actuatethe rocker, means for transmitting movement from the .ro'cker to thevalve, manually operable means for moving the rocker in one direction todifferent operative positions relatively to the cam, resilient means formoving the rocker in the opposite direction relatively to the cam, andmeans for shifting the first mentioned means relatively to the axis ofrotation of the rocker upon operation of the manually operable means andof the resilient means to vary the range of movement of the valve.

5. In a fluid actuated hammer, the combination of a casing having apiston'chamber and a reciprocatory piston therein, said casing havingupper and lower inlet passages for pressure fluid leading to the upperand lower ends of the piston chamber, a valve tocontrol the inletpassages, a rocker, a cam carried by the piston to actuate the rocker,adjustable linkage for transmitting movement from the rocker to thevalve, manually operable means for actuating the rocker in one directionrelatively to the cam, resilient means for actuating the rocker in theopposite direction, and means to effect adjustment of the linkagerelatively to the rocker for causing movement of the valve toalternately admit pressure fluid to the inlet passages upon theoperation of the manually operable means and to effect adjustmen-t ofthe linkage relatively to the rocker for moving the valve to and holdingit in position to seal the upper inlet passage and to simultaneouslyuncover the lower inlet passage for admitting pressure fluid into thelower end of the piston chamber for holding the piston immovable.

6. In a fluid actuated hammer, the combination of a casing having apiston chamber and a reciprocatory piston therein, a valve to effect thedistribution of pressure fluid to the ends of the piston chamber foractuating the piston, a swin ing bearing, a pivot on the casing for theswinging bearing, a shaft journaled in the swinging bearing and havingan arcuate finger and an arm, a cam carried by the piston to engage thearcuate finger for rotating the shaft in one direction, a spring forrotating the shaft in the opposite direction, a link for transmittingmovement from the arm to the valve and being slidably interlocked withthe arm, manually operable means for rocking the swinging bearing andthe arcuate finger relatively to the cam, and means associated with theswinging bearing and the link for shifting the link on the arm uponactuation of the manually operable means to vary the range of movementof the valve.

7. In a fluid actuated hammer, the combination of a casing having apiston chamber and a reciprocatory piston therein, a valve to eflect thedistribution of pressure fluid to the ends of the piston chamber foractuating the piston, a rocker, a cam carried by the piston to actuatethe rocker, a swinging bearing on the casing for the rocker, manuallyoperable means for rocking the swinging bearing and the rocker in onedirection relatively to the cam, resilient means for rocking theswinging bearing and the rocker in the opposite direction, a link fortransmitting movement from the rocker to the valve and being slidablyinterlocked with the rocker, a projection integral with and extendinglaterally of the swinging bearing, and a rod pivotally connected to thelink and the projection to shift the link radially of the rocker forvarying the range of movement of the valve upon actuation of themanually operable means and of the resilient means.

ERNEST G. EPPENS.

